Part E—Health Professions and Public Health Workforce
subpart 1—health professions workforce information and analysis
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Funding for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Training for Health Care Professionals, Paraprofessionals, and Public Safety Officers
"(a)
"(b)
Funding for Education and Awareness Campaign Encouraging Healthy Work Conditions and Use of Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Services by Health Care Professionals
"(a)
"(b) Use of Funds.—The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and in consultation with the medical professional community, shall use amounts appropriated by subsection (a) to carry out a national evidence-based education and awareness campaign directed at health care professionals and first responders (such as emergency medical service providers), and employers of such professionals and first responders. Such awareness campaign shall—
"(1) encourage primary prevention of mental health conditions and substance use disorders and secondary and tertiary prevention by encouraging health care professionals to seek support and treatment for their own mental health and substance use concerns; and
"(2) help such professionals to identify risk factors in themselves and others and respond to such risks."
Funding for Grants for Health Care Providers To Promote Mental Health Among Their Health Professional Workforce
"(a)
"(b)
§294n. Health professions workforce information and analysis
(a) Purpose
It is the purpose of this section to—
(1) provide for the development of information describing the health professions workforce and the analysis of workforce related issues; and
(2) provide necessary information for decision-making regarding future directions in health professions and nursing programs in response to societal and professional needs.
(b) National Center for Health Care Workforce Analysis
(1) Establishment
The Secretary shall establish the National Center for Health Workforce Analysis (referred to in this section as the "National Center").
(2) Purposes
The National Center, in coordination to the extent practicable with the National Health Care Workforce Commission (established in
(A) provide for the development of information describing and analyzing the health care workforce and workforce related issues;
(B) carry out the activities under
(C) annually evaluate programs under this subchapter;
(D) develop and publish performance measures and benchmarks for programs under this subchapter; and
(E) establish, maintain, and publicize a national Internet registry of each grant awarded under this subchapter and a database to collect data from longitudinal evaluations (as described in subsection (d)(2)) on performance measures (as developed under
(3) Collaboration and data sharing
(A) In general
The National Center shall collaborate with Federal agencies and relevant professional and educational organizations or societies for the purpose of linking data regarding grants awarded under this subchapter.
(B) Contracts for health workforce analysis
For the purpose of carrying out the activities described in subparagraph (A), the National Center may enter into contracts with relevant professional and educational organizations or societies.
(c) State and regional Centers for Health Workforce Analysis
(1) In general
The Secretary shall award grants to, or enter into contracts with, eligible entities for purposes of—
(A) collecting, analyzing, and reporting data regarding programs under this subchapter to the National Center and to the public; and
(B) providing technical assistance to local and regional entities on the collection, analysis, and reporting of data.
(2) Eligible entities
To be eligible for a grant or contract under this subsection, an entity shall—
(A) be a State, a State workforce investment board, a public health or health professions school, an academic health center, or an appropriate public or private nonprofit entity; and
(B) submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
(d) Increase in grants for longitudinal evaluations
(1) In general
The Secretary shall increase the amount awarded to an eligible entity under this subchapter for a longitudinal evaluation of individuals who have received education, training, or financial assistance from programs under this subchapter.
(2) Capability
A longitudinal evaluation shall be capable of—
(A) studying practice patterns; and
(B) collecting and reporting data on performance measures developed under
(3) Guidelines
A longitudinal evaluation shall comply with guidelines issued under
(4) Eligible entities
To be eligible to obtain an increase under this section, an entity shall be a recipient of a grant or contract under this subchapter.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
(1) In general
(A) National Center
To carry out subsection (b), there are authorized to be appropriated $5,663,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
(B) State and regional Centers
To carry out subsection (c), there are authorized to be appropriated $4,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2010 through 2014.
(C) Grants for longitudinal evaluations
To carry out subsection (d), there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2010 through 2014.
(2) Reservation
Of the amounts appropriated under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve not less than $600,000 for conducting health professions research and for carrying out data collection and analysis in accordance with
(3) Availability of additional funds
Amounts otherwise appropriated for programs or activities under this subchapter may be used for activities under subsection (b) with respect to the programs or activities from which such amounts were made available.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §761, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 294n, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §776, as added
Another prior section 294n, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §741, as added Sept. 24, 1963,
A prior section 761 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 761 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 761 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 761 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Amendments
2020—Subsec. (e)(1)(A).
Subsec. (e)(2).
2010—Subsecs. (b) to (e).
Subsec. (e)(1).
Subsec. (e)(2).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Transfer of Functions
§294o. Advisory Council on Graduate Medical Education
(a) Establishment; duties
There is established the Council on Graduate Medical Education (in this section referred to as the "Council"). The Council shall—
(1) make recommendations to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this section referred to as the "Secretary"), and to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, with respect to—
(A) the supply and distribution of physicians in the United States;
(B) current and future shortages or excesses of physicians in medical and surgical specialties and subspecialties;
(C) issues relating to foreign medical school graduates;
(D) appropriate Federal policies with respect to the matters specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), including policies concerning changes in the financing of undergraduate and graduate medical education programs and changes in the types of medical education training in graduate medical education programs;
(E) appropriate efforts to be carried out by hospitals, schools of medicine, schools of osteopathic medicine, and accrediting bodies with respect to the matters specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), including efforts for changes in undergraduate and graduate medical education programs; and
(F) deficiencies in, and needs for improvements in, existing data bases concerning the supply and distribution of, and postgraduate training programs for, physicians in the United States and steps that should be taken to eliminate those deficiencies;
(2) encourage entities providing graduate medical education to conduct activities to voluntarily achieve the recommendations of the Council under paragraph (1)(E);
(3) develop, publish, and implement performance measures for programs under this subchapter, except for programs under part C or D;
(4) develop and publish guidelines for longitudinal evaluations (as described in
(5) recommend appropriation levels for programs under this subchapter, except for programs under part C or D.
(b) Composition
The Council shall be composed of—
(1) the Assistant Secretary for Health or the designee of the Assistant Secretary;
(2) the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services;
(3) the Chief Medical Director of the Department of Veterans Affairs;
(4) the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration;
(5) 6 members appointed by the Secretary to include representatives of practicing primary care physicians, national and specialty physician organizations, foreign medical graduates, and medical student and house staff associations;
(6) 4 members appointed by the Secretary to include representatives of schools of medicine and osteopathic medicine and public and private teaching hospitals; and
(7) 4 members appointed by the Secretary to include representatives of health insurers, business, and labor.
(c) Terms of appointed members
(1) In general; staggered rotation
Members of the Council appointed under paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of subsection (b) shall be appointed for a term of 4 years, except that the term of office of the members first appointed shall expire, as designated by the Secretary at the time of appointment, 4 at the end of 1 year, 4 at the end of 2 years, 3 at the end of 3 years, and 3 at the end of 4 years.
(2) Date certain for appointment
The Secretary shall appoint the first members to the Council under paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of subsection (b) within 60 days after October 13, 1992.
(d) Chair
The Council shall elect one of its members as Chairman of the Council.
(e) Quorum
Nine members of the Council shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may hold hearings.
(f) Vacancies
Any vacancy in the Council shall not affect its power to function.
(g) Compensation
Each member of the Council who is not otherwise employed by the United States Government shall receive compensation at a rate equal to the daily rate prescribed for GS–18 under the General Schedule under
(h) Certain authorities and duties
(1) Authorities
In order to carry out the provisions of this section, the Council is authorized to—
(A) collect such information, hold such hearings, and sit and act at such times and places, either as a whole or by subcommittee, and request the attendance and testimony of such witnesses and the production of such books, records, correspondence, memoranda, papers, and documents as the Council or such subcommittee may consider available; and
(B) request the cooperation and assistance of Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities, and such departments, agencies, and instrumentalities are authorized to provide such cooperation and assistance.
(2) Coordination of activities
The Council shall coordinate its activities with the activities of the Secretary under
(i) Reports
Not later than September 30, 2023, and not less than every 5 years thereafter, the Council shall submit to the Secretary, and to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, a report on the recommendations described in subsection (a).
(j) Funding
Amounts otherwise appropriated under this subchapter may be utilized by the Secretary to support the activities of the Council.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §762, formerly
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was formerly set out as a note under
Prior Provisions
A prior section 294o, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §777, as added
Another prior section 294o, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §742, as added Sept. 24, 1963,
A prior section 762 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 762 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Amendments
2020—Subsec. (a)(1).
Subsec. (b)(2).
Subsec. (b)(4) to (7).
Subsecs. (i) to (l).
2010—Subsec. (a)(3) to (5).
2002—Subsec. (k).
1998—Subsec. (j).
Subsec. (k).
Subsec. (l).
1992—Subsec. (a)(2).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Commerce of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of
Reference to Chief Medical Director of Department of Veterans Affairs deemed to refer to Under Secretary for Health of Department of Veterans Affairs pursuant to section 302(e) of
Effective Date of 1992 Amendment
Amendment by
References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates
References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of
Funding for Council on Graduate Medical Education
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
1 So in original. Probably should be "travel time,".
§294p. Training for health care providers
(a) Grant program
The Secretary shall establish a program to award grants to accredited schools of allopathic medicine, osteopathic medicine, and nursing, and other health professional training programs for the training of health care professionals to improve the provision of prenatal care, labor care, birthing, and postpartum care for racial and ethnic minority populations, including with respect to perceptions and biases that may affect the approach to, and provision of, care.
(b) Eligibility
To be eligible for a grant under subsection (a), an entity described in such subsection shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
(c) Reporting requirements
(1) Periodic grantee reports
Each entity awarded a grant under this section shall periodically submit to the Secretary a report on the status of activities conducted using the grant, including a description of the impact of such training on patient outcomes, as applicable.
(2) Report to Congress
Not later than September 30, 2026, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress on the activities conducted using grants under subsection (a) and any best practices identified and disseminated under subsection (d).
(d) Best practices
The Secretary may identify and disseminate best practices for the training described in subsection (a).
(e) Authorization of appropriations
To carry out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §763, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 294p, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §763, as added
Another prior section 294p, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §778, as added
Another prior section 294p, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §743, as added Sept. 24, 1963,
A prior section 763 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 763 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 763 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
§294q. National Health Care Workforce Commission
(a) Purpose
It is the purpose of this section to establish a National Health Care Workforce Commission that—
(1) serves as a national resource for Congress, the President, States, and localities;
(2) communicates and coordinates with the Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor, Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, and Education on related activities administered by one or more of such Departments;
(3) develops and commissions evaluations of education and training activities to determine whether the demand for health care workers is being met;
(4) identifies barriers to improved coordination at the Federal, State, and local levels and recommend ways to address such barriers; and
(5) encourages innovations to address population needs, constant changes in technology, and other environmental factors.
(b) Establishment
There is hereby established the National Health Care Workforce Commission (in this section referred to as the "Commission").
(c) Membership
(1) Number and appointment
The Commission shall be composed of 15 members to be appointed by the Comptroller General, without regard to
(2) Qualifications
(A) In general
The membership of the Commission shall include individuals—
(i) with national recognition for their expertise in health care labor market analysis, including health care workforce analysis; health care finance and economics; health care facility management; health care plans and integrated delivery systems; health care workforce education and training; health care philanthropy; providers of health care services; and other related fields; and
(ii) who will provide a combination of professional perspectives, broad geographic representation, and a balance between urban, suburban, rural, and frontier representatives.
(B) Inclusion
(i) In general
The membership of the Commission shall include no less than one representative of—
(I) the health care workforce and health professionals;
(II) employers, including representatives of small business and self-employed individuals;
(III) third-party payers;
(IV) individuals skilled in the conduct and interpretation of health care services and health economics research;
(V) representatives of consumers;
(VI) labor unions;
(VII) State or local workforce investment boards; and
(VIII) educational institutions (which may include elementary and secondary institutions, institutions of higher education, including 2 and 4 year institutions, or registered apprenticeship programs).
(ii) Additional members
The remaining membership may include additional representatives from clause (i) and other individuals as determined appropriate by the Comptroller General of the United States.
(C) Majority non-providers
Individuals who are directly involved in health professions education or practice shall not constitute a majority of the membership of the Commission.
(D) Ethical disclosure
The Comptroller General shall establish a system for public disclosure by members of the Commission of financial and other potential conflicts of interest relating to such members. Members of the Commission shall be treated as employees of Congress for purposes of applying subchapter I of
(3) Terms
(A) In general
The terms of members of the Commission shall be for 3 years except that the Comptroller General shall designate staggered terms for the members first appointed.
(B) Vacancies
Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term. A member may serve after the expiration of that member's term until a successor has taken office. A vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
(C) Initial appointments
The Comptroller General shall make initial appointments of members to the Commission not later than September 30, 2010.
(4) Compensation
While serving on the business of the Commission (including travel time), a member of the Commission shall be entitled to compensation at the per diem equivalent of the rate provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of tile 1 5, and while so serving away from home and the member's regular place of business, a member may be allowed travel expenses, as authorized by the Chairman of the Commission. Physicians serving as personnel of the Commission may be provided a physician comparability allowance by the Commission in the same manner as Government physicians may be provided such an allowance by an agency under
(5) Chairman, Vice Chairman
The Comptroller General shall designate a member of the Commission, at the time of appointment of the member, as Chairman and a member as Vice Chairman for that term of appointment, except that in the case of vacancy of the chairmanship or vice chairmanship, the Comptroller General may designate another member for the remainder of that member's term.
(6) Meetings
The Commission shall meet at the call of the chairman, but no less frequently than on a quarterly basis.
(d) Duties
(1) Recognition, dissemination, and communication
The Commission shall—
(A) recognize efforts of Federal, State, and local partnerships to develop and offer health care career pathways of proven effectiveness;
(B) disseminate information on promising retention practices for health care professionals; and
(C) communicate information on important policies and practices that affect the recruitment, education and training, and retention of the health care workforce.
(2) Review of health care workforce and annual reports
In order to develop a fiscally sustainable integrated workforce that supports a high-quality, readily accessible health care delivery system that meets the needs of patients and populations, the Commission, in consultation with relevant Federal, State, and local agencies, shall—
(A) review current and projected health care workforce supply and demand, including the topics described in paragraph (3);
(B) make recommendations to Congress and the Administration concerning national health care workforce priorities, goals, and policies;
(C) by not later than October 1 of each year (beginning with 2011), submit a report to Congress and the Administration containing the results of such reviews and recommendations concerning related policies; and
(D) by not later than April 1 of each year (beginning with 2011), submit a report to Congress and the Administration containing a review of, and recommendations on, at a minimum one high priority area as described in paragraph (4).
(3) Specific topics to be reviewed
The topics described in this paragraph include—
(A) current health care workforce supply and distribution, including demographics, skill sets, and demands, with projected demands during the subsequent 10 and 25 year periods;
(B) health care workforce education and training capacity, including the number of students who have completed education and training, including registered apprenticeships; the number of qualified faculty; the education and training infrastructure; and the education and training demands, with projected demands during the subsequent 10 and 25 year periods;
(C) the education loan and grant programs in titles VII and VIII of the Public Health Service Act (
(D) the implications of new and existing Federal policies which affect the health care workforce, including Medicare and Medicaid graduate medical education policies, titles VII and VIII of the Public Health Service Act (
(E) the health care workforce needs of special populations, such as minorities, rural populations, medically underserved populations, gender specific needs, individuals with disabilities, and geriatric and pediatric populations with recommendations for new and existing Federal policies to meet the needs of these special populations; and
(F) recommendations creating or revising national loan repayment programs and scholarship programs to require low-income, minority medical students to serve in their home communities, if designated as medical underserved community.3
(4) High priority areas
(A) In general
The initial high priority topics described in this paragraph include each of the following:
(i) Integrated health care workforce planning that identifies health care professional skills needed and maximizes the skill sets of health care professionals across disciplines.
(ii) An analysis of the nature, scopes of practice, and demands for health care workers in the enhanced information technology and management workplace.
(iii) An analysis of how to align Medicare and Medicaid graduate medical education policies with national workforce goals.
(iv) An analysis of, and recommendations for, eliminating the barriers to entering and staying in primary care, including provider compensation.
(v) The education and training capacity, projected demands, and integration with the health care delivery system of each of the following:
(I) Nursing workforce capacity at all levels.
(II) Oral health care workforce capacity at all levels.
(III) Mental and behavioral health care workforce capacity at all levels.
(IV) Allied health and public health care workforce capacity at all levels.
(V) Emergency medical service workforce capacity, including the retention and recruitment of the volunteer workforce, at all levels.
(VI) The geographic distribution of health care providers as compared to the identified health care workforce needs of States and regions.
(B) Future determinations
The Commission may require that additional topics be included under subparagraph (A). The appropriate committees of Congress may recommend to the Commission the inclusion of other topics for health care workforce development areas that require special attention.
(5) Grant program
The Commission shall—
(A) review implementation progress reports on, and report to Congress about, the State Health Care Workforce Development Grant program established in
(B) in collaboration with the Department of Labor and in coordination with the Department of Education and other relevant Federal agencies, make recommendations to the fiscal and administrative agent under
(C) assess the implementation of the grants under such section; and
(D) collect performance and report information, including identified models and best practices, on grants from the fiscal and administrative agent under such section and distribute this information to Congress, relevant Federal agencies, and to the public.
(6) Study
The Commission shall study effective mechanisms for financing education and training for careers in health care, including public health and allied health.
(7) Recommendations
The Commission shall submit recommendations to Congress, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Health and Human Services about improving safety, health, and worker protections in the workplace for the health care workforce.
(8) Assessment
The Commission shall assess and receive reports from the National Center for Health Care Workforce Analysis established under section 761(b) of the Public Service Health Act [
(e) Consultation with Federal, State, and local agencies, Congress, and other organizations
(1) In general
The Commission shall consult with Federal agencies (including the Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor, Education, Commerce, Agriculture, Defense, and Veterans Affairs and the Environmental Protection Agency), Congress, the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, the Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission, and, to the extent practicable, with State and local agencies, Indian tribes, voluntary health care organizations, professional societies, and other relevant public-private health care partnerships.
(2) Obtaining official data
The Commission, consistent with established privacy rules, may secure directly from any department or agency of the Executive Branch information necessary to enable the Commission to carry out this section.
(3) Detail of Federal Government employees
An employee of the Federal Government may be detailed to the Commission without reimbursement. The detail of such an employee shall be without interruption or loss of civil service status.
(f) Director and staff; experts and consultants
Subject to such review as the Comptroller General of the United States determines to be necessary to ensure the efficient administration of the Commission, the Commission may—
(1) employ and fix the compensation of an executive director that shall not exceed the rate of basic pay payable for level V of the Executive Schedule and such other personnel as may be necessary to carry out its duties (without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service);
(2) seek such assistance and support as may be required in the performance of its duties from appropriate Federal departments and agencies;
(3) enter into contracts or make other arrangements, as may be necessary for the conduct of the work of the Commission (without regard to
(4) make advance, progress, and other payments which relate to the work of the Commission;
(5) provide transportation and subsistence for persons serving without compensation; and
(6) prescribe such rules and regulations as the Commission determines to be necessary with respect to the internal organization and operation of the Commission.
(g) Powers
(1) Data collection
In order to carry out its functions under this section, the Commission shall—
(A) utilize existing information, both published and unpublished, where possible, collected and assessed either by its own staff or under other arrangements made in accordance with this section, including coordination with the Bureau of Labor Statistics;
(B) carry out, or award grants or contracts for the carrying out of, original research and development, where existing information is inadequate, and
(C) adopt procedures allowing interested parties to submit information for the Commission's use in making reports and recommendations.
(2) Access of the Government Accountability Office to information
The Comptroller General of the United States shall have unrestricted access to all deliberations, records, and data of the Commission, immediately upon request.
(3) Periodic audit
The Commission shall be subject to periodic audit by an independent public accountant under contract to the Commission.
(h) Authorization of appropriations
(1) Request for appropriations
The Commission shall submit requests for appropriations in the same manner as the Comptroller General of the United States submits requests for appropriations. Amounts so appropriated for the Commission shall be separate from amounts appropriated for the Comptroller General.
(2) Authorization
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(3) Gifts and services
The Commission may not accept gifts, bequeaths, or donations of property, but may accept and use donations of services for purposes of carrying out this section.
(i) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Health care workforce
The term "health care workforce" includes all health care providers with direct patient care and support responsibilities, such as physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, primary care providers, preventive medicine physicians, optometrists, ophthalmologists, physician assistants, pharmacists, dentists, dental hygienists, and other oral healthcare professionals, allied health professionals, doctors of chiropractic, community health workers, health care paraprofessionals, direct care workers, psychologists and other behavioral and mental health professionals (including substance abuse prevention and treatment providers), social workers, physical and occupational therapists, certified nurse midwives, podiatrists, the EMS workforce (including professional and volunteer ambulance personnel and firefighters who perform emergency medical services), licensed complementary and alternative medicine providers, integrative health practitioners, public health professionals, and any other health professional that the Comptroller General of the United States determines appropriate.
(2) Health professionals
The term "health professionals" includes—
(A) dentists, dental hygienists, primary care providers, specialty physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, psychologists and other behavioral and mental health professionals (including substance abuse prevention and treatment providers), social workers, physical and occupational therapists, optometrists, ophthalmologists,5 public health professionals, clinical pharmacists, allied health professionals, doctors of chiropractic, community health workers, school nurses, certified nurse midwives, podiatrists, licensed complementary and alternative medicine providers, the EMS workforce (including professional and volunteer ambulance personnel and firefighters who perform emergency medical services), and integrative health practitioners;
(B) national representatives of health professionals;
(C) representatives of schools of medicine, osteopathy, nursing, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, chiropractic, allied health, educational programs for public health professionals, behavioral and mental health professionals (as so defined), social workers, pharmacists, physical and occupational therapists, optometrists, ophthalmologists,5 oral health care industry dentistry and dental hygiene, and physician assistants;
(D) representatives of public and private teaching hospitals, and ambulatory health facilities, including Federal medical facilities; and
(E) any other health professional the Comptroller General of the United States determines appropriate.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(C), (D), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373,
The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(C), (D), is
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(D), is
The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(D), is
Section 5103, referred to in subsec. (d)(8), means section 5103 of
Level V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is set out in
Codification
In subsec. (f)(3), "
Section was enacted as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter.
Prior Provisions
Prior sections 294q to 294q–3 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by
Section 294q, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §744, formerly §745, as added Sept. 24, 1963,
Section 294q–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §745, as added Oct. 22, 1985,
Section 294q–2, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §746, as added Oct. 22, 1985,
Section 294q–3, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §747, formerly §745, as added and renumbered §747, Oct. 22, 1985,
Amendments
2022—Subsec. (c)(1).
Subsec. (c)(2)(D).
2014—Subsec. (d)(3)(D).
2010—Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i)(II).
Subsec. (d)(4)(A)(iv), (v).
Subsec. (i)(2)(A), (C).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2014 Amendment
Amendment by
Purpose
"(1) gathering and assessing comprehensive data in order for the health care workforce to meet the health care needs of individuals, including research on the supply, demand, distribution, diversity, and skills needs of the health care workforce;
"(2) increasing the supply of a qualified health care workforce to improve access to and the delivery of health care services for all individuals;
"(3) enhancing health care workforce education and training to improve access to and the delivery of health care services for all individuals; and
"(4) providing support to the existing health care workforce to improve access to and the delivery of health care services for all individuals."
Definitions
"(1)
"(A) has graduated and received an allied health professions degree or certificate from an institution of higher education; and
"(B) is employed with a Federal, State, local or tribal public health agency, or in a setting where patients might require health care services, including acute care facilities, ambulatory care facilities, personal residences, and other settings located in health professional shortage areas, medically underserved areas, or medically underserved populations, as recognized by the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
"(2)
"(A) includes an articulated sequence of academic and career courses, including 21st century skills;
"(B) is aligned with the needs of healthcare industries in a region or State;
"(C) prepares students for entry into the full range of postsecondary education options, including registered apprenticeships, and careers;
"(D) provides academic and career counseling in student-to-counselor ratios that allow students to make informed decisions about academic and career options;
"(E) meets State academic standards, State requirements for secondary school graduation and is aligned with requirements for entry into postsecondary education, and applicable industry standards; and
"(F) leads to 2 or more credentials, including—
"(i) a secondary school diploma; and
"(ii) a postsecondary degree, an apprenticeship or other occupational certification, a certificate, or a license.
"(3)
"(4)
"(A)
"(B)
"(5)
"(A) a 4-year program of instruction, or not less than a 1-year program of instruction that is acceptable for credit toward an associate or a baccalaureate degree, offered by an institution of higher education; or
"(B) a certificate or registered apprenticeship program at the postsecondary level offered by an institution of higher education or a non-profit educational institution.
"(6)
1 So in original. Probably should be "title".
2 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.
4 See References in Text note below.
5 See 2010 Amendment note below.
§294r. State health care workforce development grants
(a) Establishment
There is established a competitive health care workforce development grant program (referred to in this section as the "program") for the purpose of enabling State partnerships to complete comprehensive planning and to carry out activities leading to coherent and comprehensive health care workforce development strategies at the State and local levels.
(b) Fiscal and administrative agent
The Health Resources and Services Administration of the Department of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the "Administration") shall be the fiscal and administrative agent for the grants awarded under this section. The Administration is authorized to carry out the program, in consultation with the National Health Care Workforce Commission (referred to in this section as the "Commission"), which shall review reports on the development, implementation, and evaluation activities of the grant program, including—
(1) administering the grants;
(2) providing technical assistance to grantees; and
(3) reporting performance information to the Commission.
(c) Planning grants
(1) Amount and duration
A planning grant shall be awarded under this subsection for a period of not more than one year and the maximum award may not be more than $150,000.
(2) Eligibility
To be eligible to receive a planning grant, an entity shall be an eligible partnership. An eligible partnership shall be a State workforce investment board, if it includes or modifies the members to include at least one representative from each of the following: health care employer, labor organization, a public 2-year institution of higher education, a public 4-year institution of higher education, the recognized State federation of labor, the State public secondary education agency, the State P–16 or P–20 Council if such a council exists, and a philanthropic organization that is actively engaged in providing learning, mentoring, and work opportunities to recruit, educate, and train individuals for, and retain individuals in, careers in health care and related industries.
(3) Fiscal and administrative agent
The Governor of the State receiving a planning grant has the authority to appoint a fiscal and an administrative agency for the partnership.
(4) Application
Each State partnership desiring a planning grant shall submit an application to the Administrator of the Administration at such time and in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Administrator may reasonable 1 require. Each application submitted for a planning grant shall describe the members of the State partnership, the activities for which assistance is sought, the proposed performance benchmarks to be used to measure progress under the planning grant, a budget for use of the funds to complete the required activities described in paragraph (5), and such additional assurance and information as the Administrator determines to be essential to ensure compliance with the grant program requirements.
(5) Required activities
A State partnership receiving a planning grant shall carry out the following:
(A) Analyze State labor market information in order to create health care career pathways for students and adults, including dislocated workers.
(B) Identify current and projected high demand State or regional health care sectors for purposes of planning career pathways.
(C) Identify existing Federal, State, and private resources to recruit, educate or train, and retain a skilled health care workforce and strengthen partnerships.
(D) Describe the academic and health care industry skill standards for high school graduation, for entry into postsecondary education, and for various credentials and licensure.
(E) Describe State secondary and postsecondary education and training policies, models, or practices for the health care sector, including career information and guidance counseling.
(F) Identify Federal or State policies or rules to developing 2 a coherent and comprehensive health care workforce development strategy and barriers and a plan to resolve these barriers.
(G) Participate in the Administration's evaluation and reporting activities.
(6) Performance and evaluation
Before the State partnership receives a planning grant, such partnership and the Administrator of the Administration shall jointly determine the performance benchmarks that will be established for the purposes of the planning grant.
(7) Match
Each State partnership receiving a planning grant shall provide an amount, in cash or in kind, that is not less that 15 percent of the amount of the grant, to carry out the activities supported by the grant. The matching requirement may be provided from funds available under other Federal, State, local or private sources to carry out the activities.
(8) Report
(A) Report to administration
Not later than 1 year after a State partnership receives a planning grant, the partnership shall submit a report to the Administration on the State's performance of the activities under the grant, including the use of funds, including matching funds, to carry out required activities, and a description of the progress of the State workforce investment board in meeting the performance benchmarks.
(B) Report to Congress
The Administration shall submit a report to Congress analyzing the planning activities, performance, and fund utilization of each State grant recipient, including an identification of promising practices and a profile of the activities of each State grant recipient.
(d) Implementation grants
(1) In general
The Administration shall—
(A) competitively award implementation grants to State partnerships to enable such partnerships to implement activities that will result in a coherent and comprehensive plan for health workforce development that will address current and projected workforce demands within the State; and
(B) inform the Commission and Congress about the awards made.
(2) Duration
An implementation grant shall be awarded for a period of no more than 2 years, except in those cases where the Administration determines that the grantee is high performing and the activities supported by the grant warrant up to 1 additional year of funding.
(3) Eligibility
To be eligible for an implementation grant, a State partnership shall have—
(A) received a planning grant under subsection (c) and completed all requirements of such grant; or
(B) completed a satisfactory application, including a plan to coordinate with required partners and complete the required activities during the 2 year period of the implementation grant.
(4) Fiscal and administrative agent
A State partnership receiving an implementation grant shall appoint a fiscal and an administration agent for the implementation of such grant.
(5) Application
Each eligible State partnership desiring an implementation grant shall submit an application to the Administration at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Administration may reasonably require. Each application submitted shall include—
(A) a description of the members of the State partnership;
(B) a description of how the State partnership completed the required activities under the planning grant, if applicable;
(C) a description of the activities for which implementation grant funds are sought, including grants to regions by the State partnership to advance coherent and comprehensive regional health care workforce planning activities;
(D) a description of how the State partnership will coordinate with required partners and complete the required partnership activities during the duration of an implementation grant;
(E) a budget proposal of the cost of the activities supported by the implementation grant and a timeline for the provision of matching funds required;
(F) proposed performance benchmarks to be used to assess and evaluate the progress of the partnership activities;
(G) a description of how the State partnership will collect data to report progress in grant activities; and
(H) such additional assurances as the Administration determines to be essential to ensure compliance with grant requirements.
(6) Required activities
(A) In general
A State partnership that receives an implementation grant may reserve not less than 60 percent of the grant funds to make grants to be competitively awarded by the State partnership, consistent with State procurement rules, to encourage regional partnerships to address health care workforce development needs and to promote innovative health care workforce career pathway activities, including career counseling, learning, and employment.
(B) Eligible partnership duties
An eligible State partnership receiving an implementation grant shall—
(i) identify and convene regional leadership to discuss opportunities to engage in statewide health care workforce development planning, including the potential use of competitive grants to improve the development, distribution, and diversity of the regional health care workforce; the alignment of curricula for health care careers; and the access to quality career information and guidance and education and training opportunities;
(ii) in consultation with key stakeholders and regional leaders, take appropriate steps to reduce Federal, State, or local barriers to a comprehensive and coherent strategy, including changes in State or local policies to foster coherent and comprehensive health care workforce development activities, including health care career pathways at the regional and State levels, career planning information, retraining for dislocated workers, and as appropriate, requests for Federal program or administrative waivers;
(iii) develop, disseminate, and review with key stakeholders a preliminary statewide strategy that addresses short- and long-term health care workforce development supply versus demand;
(iv) convene State partnership members on a regular basis, and at least on a semiannual basis;
(v) assist leaders at the regional level to form partnerships, including technical assistance and capacity building activities;
(vi) collect and assess data on and report on the performance benchmarks selected by the State partnership and the Administration for implementation activities carried out by regional and State partnerships; and
(vii) participate in the Administration's evaluation and reporting activities.
(7) Performance and evaluation
Before the State partnership receives an implementation grant, it and the Administrator shall jointly determine the performance benchmarks that shall be established for the purposes of the implementation grant.
(8) Match
Each State partnership receiving an implementation grant shall provide an amount, in cash or in kind that is not less than 25 percent of the amount of the grant, to carry out the activities supported by the grant. The matching funds may be provided from funds available from other Federal, State, local, or private sources to carry out such activities.
(9) Reports
(A) Report to administration
For each year of the implementation grant, the State partnership receiving the implementation grant shall submit a report to the Administration on the performance of the State of the grant activities, including a description of the use of the funds, including matched funds, to complete activities, and a description of the performance of the State partnership in meeting the performance benchmarks.
(B) Report to Congress
The Administration shall submit a report to Congress analyzing implementation activities, performance, and fund utilization of the State grantees, including an identification of promising practices and a profile of the activities of each State grantee.
(e) Authorization for appropriations
(1) Planning grants
There are authorized to be appropriated to award planning grants under subsection (c) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent fiscal year.
(2) Implementation grants
There are authorized to be appropriated to award implementation grants under subsection (d), $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent fiscal year.
(
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was enacted as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 294r, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §751, as added Nov. 4, 1988,
Another prior section 294r, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §748, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Definitions
For definitions of terms used in this section, see section 5002(a) of
1 So in original. Probably should be "reasonably".
2 So in original. Probably should be "develop".
§294s. Rural maternal and obstetric care training demonstration
(a) In general
The Secretary shall award grants to accredited schools of allopathic medicine, osteopathic medicine, and nursing, and other appropriate health professional training programs, to establish a training demonstration program to support—
(1) training for physicians, medical residents, fellows, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, certified nurse midwives, relevant home visiting workforce professionals and paraprofessionals, or other professionals who meet relevant State training and licensing requirements, as applicable, to reduce preventable maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity by improving prenatal care, labor care, birthing, and postpartum care in rural community-based settings; and
(2) developing recommendations for such training programs.
(b) Application
To be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), an entity shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
(c) Activities
(1) Training for health care professionals
A recipient of a grant under subsection (a)—
(A) shall use the grant funds to plan, develop, and operate a training program to provide prenatal care, labor care, birthing, and postpartum care in rural areas; and
(B) may use the grant funds to provide additional support for the administration of the program or to meet the costs of projects to establish, maintain, or improve faculty development, or departments, divisions, or other units necessary to implement such training.
(2) Training program requirements
The recipient of a grant under subsection (a) shall ensure that training programs carried out under the grant are evidence-based and address improving prenatal care, labor care, birthing, and postpartum care in rural areas, and such programs may include training on topics such as—
(A) maternal mental health, including perinatal depression and anxiety;
(B) substance use disorders;
(C) social determinants of health that affect individuals living in rural areas; and
(D) improving the provision of prenatal care, labor care, birthing, and postpartum care for racial and ethnic minority populations, including with respect to perceptions and biases that may affect the approach to, and provision of, care.
(d) Evaluation and report
(1) Evaluation
(A) In general
The Secretary shall evaluate the outcomes of the demonstration program under this section.
(B) Data submission
Recipients of a grant under subsection (a) shall submit to the Secretary performance metrics and other related data in order to evaluate the program for the report described in paragraph (2).
(2) Report to Congress
Not later than January 1, 2026, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that includes—
(A) an analysis of the effects of the demonstration program under this section on the quality, quantity, and distribution of maternal health care services, including prenatal care, labor care, birthing, and postpartum care services, and the demographics of the recipients of those services;
(B) an analysis of maternal and infant health outcomes (including quality of care, morbidity, and mortality) before and after implementation of the program in the communities served by entities participating in the demonstration; and
(C) recommendations on whether the demonstration program should be continued.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §764, as added
Editorial Notes
Codification
Another section 764 of act July 1, 1944, is classified to
Prior Provisions
A prior section 294s, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §749, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
§294t. Programs to promote mental health among the health professional workforce
(a) Programs to promote mental health among health care professionals
(1) In general
The Secretary shall award grants or contracts to health care entities, including entities that provide health care services, such as hospitals, community health centers, and rural health clinics, or to medical professional associations, to establish or enhance evidence-based or evidence-informed programs dedicated to improving mental health and resiliency for health care professionals.
(2) Use of funds
An eligible entity receiving a grant or contract under this subsection shall use funds received through the grant or contract to implement a new program or enhance an existing program to promote mental health among health care professionals, which may include—
(A) improving awareness among health care professionals about risk factors for, and signs of, suicide and mental health or substance use disorders, in accordance with evidence-based or evidence-informed practices;
(B) establishing new, or enhancing existing, evidence-based or evidence-informed programs for preventing suicide and improving mental health and resiliency among health care professionals;
(C) establishing new, or enhancing existing, peer-support programs among health care professionals; or
(D) providing mental health care, follow-up services and care, or referral for such services and care, as appropriate.
(3) Priority
In awarding grants and contracts under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to eligible entities in health professional shortage areas or rural areas.
(b) Training grants
The Secretary may establish a program to award grants to health professions schools, academic health centers, State or local governments, Indian Tribes or Tribal organizations, or other appropriate public or private nonprofit entities (or consortia of entities, including entities promoting multidisciplinary approaches) to support the training of health care students, residents, or health care professionals in evidence-based or evidence-informed strategies to address mental and substance use disorders and improve mental health and resiliency among health care professionals.
(c) Grant terms
A grant or contract awarded under subsection (a) or (b) shall be for a period of 3 years.
(d) Application submission
An entity seeking a grant or contract under subsection (a) or (b) shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may require.
(e) Reporting
An entity awarded a grant or contract under subsection (a) or (b) shall periodically submit to the Secretary a report evaluating the activities supported by the grant or contract.
(f) Authorization of appropriations
To carry out this section and section 5 of the Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act, there are authorized to be appropriated $35,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2024.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §764, as added
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Section 5 of the Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is section 5 of
Codification
Another section 764 of act July 1, 1944, is classified to
Prior Provisions
A prior section 294t, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §751, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
A prior section 294u, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §752, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
A prior section 294v, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §753, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
A prior section 294w, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §754, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
A prior section 294x, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §755, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
A prior section 294y, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §756, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
A prior section 294y–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §757, as added Aug. 1, 1977,
Prior sections 294z to 294cc were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by
Section 294z, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §758, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Section 294aa, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §759, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Section 294bb, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §760, as added Nov. 6, 1990,
Section 294cc, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §761, as added Nov. 6, 1990,
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Dissemination of Best Practices
Education and Awareness Initiative Encouraging Use of Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Services by Health Care Professionals
"(a)
"(1) to encourage health care professionals to seek support and care for their mental health or substance use concerns, to help such professionals identify risk factors associated with suicide and mental health conditions, and to help such professionals learn how best to respond to such risks, with the goal of preventing suicide, mental health conditions, and substance use disorders; and
"(2) to address stigma associated with seeking mental health and substance use disorder services.
"(b)
"(c)
subpart 2—public health workforce
§295. General provisions
(a) In general
The Secretary may award grants or contracts to eligible entities to increase the number of individuals in the public health workforce, to enhance the quality of such workforce, and to enhance the ability of the workforce to meet national, State, and local health care needs.
(b) Eligibility
To be eligible to receive a grant or contract under subsection (a) an entity shall—
(1) be—
(A) a health professions school, including an accredited school or program of public health, health administration, preventive medicine, or dental public health or a school providing health management programs;
(B) an academic health center;
(C) a State or local government; or
(D) any other appropriate public or private nonprofit entity; and
(2) prepare and submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
(c) Preference
In awarding grants or contracts under this section the Secretary may grant a preference to entities—
(1) serving individuals who are from disadvantaged backgrounds (including underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities); and
(2) graduating large proportions of individuals who serve in underserved communities.
(d) Activities
Amounts provided under a grant or contract awarded under this section may be used for—
(1) the costs of planning, developing, or operating demonstration training programs;
(2) faculty development;
(3) trainee support;
(4) technical assistance;
(5) to meet the costs of projects—
(A) to plan and develop new residency training programs and to maintain or improve existing residency training programs in preventive medicine and dental public health, that have available full-time faculty members with training and experience in the fields of preventive medicine and dental public health; and
(B) to provide financial assistance to residency trainees enrolled in such programs;
(6) the retraining of existing public health workers as well as for increasing the supply of new practitioners to address priority public health, preventive medicine, public health dentistry, and health administration needs;
(7) preparing public health professionals for employment at the State and community levels;
(8) public health workforce loan repayment programs; or
(9) other activities that may produce outcomes that are consistent with the purposes of this section.
(e) Traineeships
(1) In general
With respect to amounts used under this section for the training of health professionals, such training programs shall be designed to—
(A) make public health education more accessible to the public and private health workforce;
(B) increase the relevance of public health academic preparation to public health practice in the future;
(C) provide education or training for students from traditional on-campus programs in practice-based sites; or
(D) develop educational methods and distance-based approaches or technology that address adult learning requirements and increase knowledge and skills related to community-based cultural diversity in public health education.
(2) Severe shortage disciplines
Amounts provided under grants or contracts under this section may be used for the operation of programs designed to award traineeships to students in accredited schools of public health who enter educational programs in fields where there is a severe shortage of public health professionals, including epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, toxicology, public health nursing, nutrition, preventive medicine, maternal and child health, and behavioral and mental health professions.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §765, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §781, as added
Another prior section 295, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §761, as added Dec. 25, 1970,
Another prior section 295, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §761, as added Oct. 31, 1963,
A prior section 765 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 765 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 765 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Amendments
2010—Subsec. (d)(8), (9).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Funding for Public Health Workforce
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) Costs, including wages and benefits, related to the recruiting, hiring, and training of individuals—
"(A) to serve as case investigators, contact tracers, social support specialists, community health workers, public health nurses, disease intervention specialists, epidemiologists, program managers, laboratory personnel, informaticians, communication and policy experts, and any other positions as may be required to prevent, prepare for, and respond to COVID–19; and
"(B) who are employed by—
"(i) the State, territorial, or local public health department involved; or
"(ii) a nonprofit private or public organization with demonstrated expertise in implementing public health programs and established relationships with such State, territorial, or local public health departments, particularly in medically underserved areas.
"(2) Personal protective equipment, data management and other technology, or other necessary supplies.
"(3) Administrative costs and activities necessary for awardees to implement activities funded under this section.
"(4) Subawards from recipients of awards under subsection (a) to local health departments for the purposes of the activities funded under this section."
§295a. Public health training centers
(a) In general
The Secretary may make grants or contracts for the operation of public health training centers.
(b) Eligible entities
(1) In general
A public health training center shall be an accredited school of public health, or another public or nonprofit private institution accredited for the provision of graduate or specialized training in public health, that plans, develops, operates, and evaluates projects to improve preventive medicine, health promotion and disease prevention, or access to and quality of health care services in rural or medically underserved communities.
(2) Preference
In awarding grants or contracts under this section the Secretary shall give preference to accredited schools of public health.
(c) Certain requirements
With respect to a public health training center, an award may not be made under subsection (a) unless the program agrees that it—
(1) will establish or strengthen field placements for students in public or nonprofit private health agencies or organizations;
(2) will involve faculty members and students in collaborative projects to enhance public health services to medically underserved communities;
(3) will specifically designate a geographic area or medically underserved population to be served by the center that shall be in a location removed from the main location of the teaching facility of the school that is participating in the program with such center; and
(4) will assess the health personnel needs of the area to be served by the center and assist in the planning and development of training programs to meet such needs.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §766, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295a, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §782, as added
Another prior section 295a, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §762, as added Dec. 25, 1970,
Another prior section 295a, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §762, as added Oct. 31, 1963,
A prior section 766 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 766 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 766 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Amendments
2020—Subsec. (b)(1).
§295b. Public health traineeships
(a) In general
The Secretary may make grants to accredited schools of public health, and to other public or nonprofit private institutions accredited for the provision of graduate or specialized training in public health, for the purpose of assisting such schools and institutions in providing traineeships to individuals described in subsection (b)(3).
(b) Certain requirements
(1) Amount
The amount of any grant under this section shall be determined by the Secretary.
(2) Use of grant
Traineeships awarded under grants made under subsection (a) shall provide for tuition and fees and such stipends and allowances (including travel and subsistence expenses and dependency allowances) for the trainees as the Secretary may deem necessary.
(3) Eligible individuals
The individuals referred to in subsection (a) are individuals who are pursuing a course of study in a health professions field in which there is a severe shortage of health professionals (which fields include the fields of epidemiology, environmental health, biostatistics, toxicology, nutrition, and maternal and child health).
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §767, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295b, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §763, as added Dec. 25, 1970,
Another prior section 295b, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §763, as added Oct. 31, 1963,
A prior section 767 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
Another prior section 767 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
§295c. Preventive medicine and public health training grant program
(a) Grants
The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration and in consultation with the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall award grants to, or enter into contracts with, eligible entities to provide training to graduate medical residents in preventive medicine specialties.
(b) Eligibility
To be eligible for a grant or contract under subsection (a), an entity shall be—
(1) an accredited school of public health or school of medicine or osteopathic medicine;
(2) an accredited public or private nonprofit hospital;
(3) a State, local, or tribal health department; or
(4) a consortium of 2 or more entities described in paragraphs (1) through (3).
(c) Use of funds
Amounts received under a grant or contract under this section shall be used to—
(1) plan, develop (including the development of curricula), operate, or participate in an accredited residency or internship program in preventive medicine or public health;
(2) defray the costs of practicum experiences, as required in such a program; and
(3) establish, maintain, or improve—
(A) academic administrative units (including departments, divisions, or other appropriate units) in preventive medicine and public health; or
(B) programs that improve clinical teaching in preventive medicine and public health.
(d) Report
The Secretary shall submit to the Congress an annual report on the program carried out under this section.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §768, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295c, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §764, as added Dec. 25, 1970,
Another prior section 295c, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §764, as added Oct. 31, 1963,
Amendments
2010—
§295d. Health administration traineeships and special projects
(a) In general
The Secretary may make grants to State or local governments (that have in effect preventive medical and dental public health residency programs) or public or nonprofit private educational entities (including graduate schools of social work and business schools that have health management programs) that offer a program described in subsection (b)—
(1) to provide traineeships for students enrolled in such a program; and
(2) to assist accredited programs health administration in the development or improvement of programs to prepare students for employment with public or nonprofit private entities.
(b) Relevant programs
The program referred to in subsection (a) is an accredited program in health administration, hospital administration, or health policy analysis and planning, which program is accredited by a body or bodies approved for such purpose by the Secretary of Education and which meets such other quality standards as the Secretary of Health and Human Services by regulation may prescribe.
(c) Preference in making grants
In making grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give preference to qualified applicants that meet the following conditions:
(1) Not less than 25 percent of the graduates of the applicant are engaged in full-time practice settings in medically underserved communities.
(2) The applicant recruits and admits students from medically underserved communities.
(3) For the purpose of training students, the applicant has established relationships with public and nonprofit providers of health care in the community involved.
(4) In training students, the applicant emphasizes employment with public or nonprofit private entities.
(d) Certain provisions regarding traineeships
(1) Use of grant
Traineeships awarded under grants made under subsection (a) shall provide for tuition and fees and such stipends and allowances (including travel and subsistence expenses and dependency allowances) for the trainees as the Secretary may deem necessary.
(2) Preference for certain students
Each entity applying for a grant under subsection (a) for traineeships shall assure to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the entity will give priority to awarding the traineeships to students who demonstrate a commitment to employment with public or nonprofit private entities in the fields with respect to which the traineeships are awarded.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §769, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295d, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §765, as added Dec. 25, 1970,
Another prior section 295d, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §765, as added Oct. 31, 1963,
Prior sections 295d–1 and 295d–2 were repealed by
Section 295d–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §766, as added Dec. 25, 1970,
Another prior section 295d–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §766, as added Oct. 31, 1963,
Section 295d–2, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §767, as added Dec. 25, 1970,
§295e. Authorization of appropriations
(a) In general
For the purpose of carrying out this subpart, there is authorized to be appropriated $17,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
(b) Limitation regarding certain program
In obligating amounts appropriated under subsection (a), the Secretary may not obligate more than 30 percent for carrying out
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §770, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295e, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §768, as added Dec. 25, 1970,
Another prior section 295e consisted of section 766 of act July 1, 1944. The classification of section 766 of act July 1, 1944, was changed to
Prior sections 295e–1 to 295e–5 were repealed by
Section 295e–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §767, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Section 295e–2, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §768, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Section 295e–3, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §769, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Section 295e–4, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §769A, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Section 295e–5, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §769B, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Amendments
2020—Subsec. (a).
2010—Subsec. (a).
subpart 3—recruitment and retention programs
§295f. Investment in tomorrow's pediatric health care workforce
(a) Establishment
The Secretary shall establish and carry out a pediatric specialty loan repayment program under which the eligible individual agrees to be employed full-time for a specified period (which shall not be less than 2 years) in providing pediatric medical subspecialty, pediatric surgical specialty, or child and adolescent mental and behavioral health care, including substance abuse prevention and treatment services.
(b) Program administration
Through the program established under this section, the Secretary shall enter into contracts with qualified health professionals under which—
(1) such qualified health professionals will agree to provide pediatric medical subspecialty, pediatric surgical specialty, or child and adolescent mental and behavioral health care in an area with a shortage of the specified pediatric subspecialty that has a sufficient pediatric population to support such pediatric subspecialty, as determined by the Secretary; and
(2) the Secretary agrees to make payments on the principal and interest of undergraduate, graduate, or graduate medical education loans of professionals described in paragraph (1) of not more than $35,000 a year for each year of agreed upon service under such paragraph for a period of not more than 3 years during the qualified health professional's—
(A) participation in an accredited pediatric medical subspecialty, pediatric surgical specialty, or child and adolescent mental health subspecialty residency or fellowship; or
(B) employment as a pediatric medical subspecialist, pediatric surgical specialist, or child and adolescent mental health professional serving an area or population described in such paragraph.
(c) In general
(1) Eligible individuals
(A) Pediatric medical specialists and pediatric surgical specialists
For purposes of contracts with respect to pediatric medical specialists and pediatric surgical specialists, the term "qualified health professional" means a licensed physician who—
(i) is entering or receiving training in an accredited pediatric medical subspecialty or pediatric surgical specialty residency or fellowship; or
(ii) has completed (but not prior to the end of the calendar year in which this section is enacted) the training described in subparagraph (B).
(B) Child and adolescent mental and behavioral health
For purposes of contracts with respect to child and adolescent mental and behavioral health care, the term "qualified health professional" means a health care professional who—
(i) has received specialized training or clinical experience in child and adolescent mental health in psychiatry, psychology, school psychology, behavioral pediatrics, psychiatric nursing, social work, school social work, substance abuse disorder prevention and treatment, marriage and family therapy, school counseling, or professional counseling;
(ii) has a license or certification in a State to practice allopathic medicine, osteopathic medicine, psychology, school psychology, psychiatric nursing, social work, school social work, marriage and family therapy, school counseling, or professional counseling; or
(iii) is a mental health service professional who completed (but not before the end of the calendar year in which this section is enacted) specialized training or clinical experience in child and adolescent mental health described in clause (i).
(2) Additional eligibility requirements
The Secretary may not enter into a contract under this subsection with an eligible individual unless—
(A) the individual agrees to work in, or for a provider serving, a health professional shortage area or medically underserved area, or to serve a medically underserved population;
(B) the individual is a United States citizen or a permanent legal United States resident; and
(C) if the individual is enrolled in a graduate program, the program is accredited, and the individual has an acceptable level of academic standing (as determined by the Secretary).
(d) Priority
In entering into contracts under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to applicants who—
(1) are or will be working in a school or other pre-kindergarten, elementary, or secondary education setting;
(2) have familiarity with evidence-based methods and cultural and linguistic competence health care services; and
(3) demonstrate financial need.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §775, as added
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The calendar year in which this section is enacted, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(A)(ii), (B)(iii), probably means the calendar year in which
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295f, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §770, as added Oct. 22, 1965,
A prior section 775 of act July 1, 1944, was renumbered section 772 by
Amendments
2020—Subsec. (e).
§295f–1. Public Health Workforce Loan Repayment Program
(a) Establishment
The Secretary shall establish the Public Health Workforce Loan Repayment Program (referred to in this section as the "Program") to assure an adequate supply of, and encourage recruitment and retention of, public health professionals to eliminate critical public health workforce shortages in State, local, and Tribal public health agencies.
(b) Eligibility
To be eligible to participate in the Program, an individual shall—
(1)(A)(i) be accepted for enrollment, or be enrolled, as a student in an accredited institution of higher education or school of public health in the final semester (or equivalent) of a program leading to a certificate or degree, including a master's or doctoral degree, in public health, epidemiology, laboratory sciences, data systems, data science, data analytics, informatics, statistics, or another subject matter related to public health; and
(ii) be employed by, or have accepted employment with, a State, local, or Tribal public health agency, or a related training fellowship at such State, local, or Tribal public health agency, as recognized by the Secretary, to commence upon graduation; or
(B)(i) have graduated, during the preceding 10-year period, from an accredited institution of higher education or school of public health and received a certificate or degree, including a master's or doctoral degree, in public health, epidemiology, laboratory sciences, data systems, data science, data analytics, informatics, statistics, or another subject matter related to public health; and
(ii) be employed by, or have accepted employment with, a State, local, or Tribal public health agency or a related training fellowship at such State, local, or Tribal public health agency, as recognized by the Secretary;
(2) be a United States citizen; and
(3)(A) submit an application to the Secretary to participate in the Program;
(B) execute a written contract as required in subsection (c); and
(4) not have received, for the same service, a reduction of loan obligations under
(c) Contract
The written contract (referred to in this section as the "written contract") between the Secretary and an individual shall contain—
(1) an agreement on the part of the Secretary that the Secretary will repay on behalf of the individual loans incurred by the individual in the pursuit of the relevant degree or certificate in accordance with the terms of the contract;
(2) an agreement on the part of the individual that the individual will serve in the full-time employment of a State, local, or Tribal public health agency or a related fellowship program in a position related to the course of study or program for which the contract was awarded for a period of time (referred to in this section as the "period of obligated service") of at least 3 consecutive years;
(3) an agreement, as appropriate, on the part of the individual to relocate to a priority service area (as determined by the Secretary) in exchange for an additional loan repayment incentive amount to be determined by the Secretary;
(4) a provision that any financial obligation of the United States arising out of a contract entered into under this section and any obligation of the individual that is conditioned thereon, is contingent on funds being appropriated for loan repayments under this section;
(5) a statement of the damages to which the United States is entitled,1 under this section for the individual's breach of the contract; and
(6) such other statements of the rights and liabilities of the Secretary and of the individual, not inconsistent with this section.
(d) Payments
(1) In general
A loan repayment provided for an individual under a written contract under the Program shall consist of payment, in accordance with paragraph (2), for the individual toward the outstanding principal and interest on education loans incurred by the individual in the pursuit of the relevant degree or certificate described in subsection (b)(1) in accordance with the terms of the contract.
(2) Payments for years served
(A) In general
For each year of obligated service that an individual contracts to serve under subsection (c) the Secretary may pay up to $50,000 on behalf of the individual for loans described in paragraph (1). With respect to participants under the Program whose total eligible loans are less than $150,000, the Secretary shall pay an amount that does not exceed 1/3 of the eligible loan balance for each year of obligated service of the individual.
(B) Considerations
The Secretary may take action in making awards under this section to ensure that—
(i) an appropriate proportion of contracts are awarded to individuals who are eligible to participate in the program pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(A); and
(ii) contracts awarded under this section are equitably distributed among—
(I) the geographical regions of the United States;
(II) local, State, and Tribal public health departments; and
(III) such public health departments under subclause (II) serving rural and urban areas.
(3) Tax liability
For the purpose of providing reimbursements for tax liability resulting from payments under paragraph (2) on behalf of an individual, the Secretary shall, in addition to such payments, make payments to the individual in an amount not to exceed 39 percent of the total amount of loan repayments made for the taxable year involved.
(e) Postponing obligated service
With respect to an individual with a contract to serve under subsection (c), the date of the initiation of the period of obligated service may be postponed as approved by the Secretary.
(f) Breach of contract
An individual who fails to comply with the contract entered into under subsection (c) shall be subject to the same financial penalties as provided for under
(g) Eligible loans
The loans eligible for repayment under this section are each of the following:
(1) Any loan for education or training for employment by a health department.
(2) Any loan under part E of subchapter VI (relating to nursing student loans).
(3) Any Federal Direct Stafford Loan, Federal Direct PLUS Loan, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan, or Federal Direct Consolidation Loan (as such terms are used in section 455 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [
(4) Any Federal Perkins Loan under part E of title I 2 of the Higher Education Act of 1965.
(5) Any other Federal loan, as the Secretary determines appropriate.
(h) Pilot program
(1) In general
The Secretary shall, as appropriate, establish a pilot program, to be known as the Bio-Preparedness Workforce Pilot Program, to provide for loan repayment for health professionals with expertise in infectious diseases and emergency preparedness and response activities to ensure an adequate supply of such professionals. Such program shall be administered consistent with the requirements of this section, except that, to be eligible to participate in the pilot program, an individual shall—
(A)(i) be accepted for enrollment, or be enrolled, as a student in an accredited institution of higher education in the final semester (or equivalent) of a program leading to a health professions degree or certificate program relevant to such program; or
(ii) have graduated, during the preceding 10-year period, from an accredited institution of higher education with a health professions degree or certificate program relevant to such program; and
(B) be employed by, or have accepted employment with—
(i) a Federal health care facility;
(ii) a nonprofit health care facility that is located in a health professional shortage area (as defined in
(iii) an entity receiving assistance under subchapter XXIV for the provision of clinical services;
(iv) a health program, or a facility, operated by an Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as those terms are defined in
(v) another relevant entity determined appropriate by the Secretary, as a health professional with expertise in infectious diseases or emergency preparedness and response.
(2) Non-duplication of effort
The Secretary shall ensure that the pilot program established under paragraph (1) does not unnecessarily duplicate the National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program, or any other loan repayment program operated by the Department of Health and Human Services.
(3) Evaluation and report to Congress
(A) In general
The Secretary shall evaluate the pilot program at the conclusion of the first cycle of recipients funded by the pilot program.
(B) Report
(i) In general
The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report on the evaluation under subparagraph (A). The report shall include, at a minimum, outcomes information from the pilot program, including any impact on recruitment and retention of health professionals with expertise in infectious diseases and emergency preparedness and response activities.
(ii) Recommendation
The report under this subparagraph shall include a recommendation by the Secretary as to whether the pilot program under this subsection should be extended.
(i) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2025.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §776, as added
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (g)(4), is
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295f–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §771, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Another prior section 295f–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §771, as added Oct. 22, 1965,
A prior section 776 of act July 1, 1944, was renumbered section 2692 and is classified to
Another prior section 776 of act July 1, 1944, was renumbered section 789, and was classified to
Amendments
2022—Subsec. (a).
Subsec. (b)(1)(A).
Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(i).
Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii).
Subsec. (c)(2).
"(A) 3 years; or
"(B) such longer period of time as determined appropriate by the Secretary and the individual;".
Subsec. (d)(1).
Subsec. (d)(2).
Subsec. (e).
Subsec. (f).
Subsecs. (g), (h).
Subsec. (i).
1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.
2 So in original. Probably should be "part E of title IV".
§295f–2. Training for mid-career public and allied health professionals
(a) In general
The Secretary may make grants to, or enter into contracts with, any eligible entity to award scholarships to eligible individuals to enroll in degree or professional training programs for the purpose of enabling mid-career professionals in the public health and allied health workforce to receive additional training in the field of public health and allied health.
(b) Eligibility
(1) Eligible entity
The term "eligible entity" indicates an accredited educational institution that offers a course of study, certificate program, or professional training program in public or allied health or a related discipline, as determined by the Secretary 1
(2) Eligible individuals
The term "eligible individuals" includes those individuals employed in public and allied health positions at the Federal, State, tribal, or local level who are interested in retaining or upgrading their education.
(c) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2010 and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2015. Fifty percent of appropriated funds shall be allotted to public health mid-career professionals and 50 percent shall be allotted to allied health mid-career professionals.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §777, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295f–2, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §772, formerly §775, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Another prior section 295f–2, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §772, as added Oct. 22, 1965,
A prior section 777 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.
§295f–3. Fellowship training in applied public health epidemiology, public health laboratory science, public health informatics, and expansion of the Epidemic Intelligence Service
(a) In general
The Secretary may carry out activities to address documented workforce shortages in State and local health departments in the critical areas of applied public health epidemiology and public health laboratory science and informatics and may expand the Epidemic Intelligence Service.
(b) Specific uses
In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide for the expansion of existing fellowship programs operated through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in a manner that is designed to alleviate shortages of the type described in subsection (a).
(c) Other programs
The Secretary may provide for the expansion of other applied epidemiology training programs that meet objectives similar to the objectives of the programs described in subsection (b).
(d) Work obligation
Participation in fellowship training programs under this section shall be deemed to be service for purposes of satisfying work obligations stipulated in contracts under
(e) General support
Amounts may be used from grants awarded under this section to expand the Public Health Informatics Fellowship Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to better support all public health systems at all levels of government.
(f) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $39,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2010 through 2013, of which—
(1) $5,000,000 shall be made available in each such fiscal year for epidemiology fellowship training program activities under subsections (b) and (c);
(2) $5,000,000 shall be made available in each such fiscal year for laboratory fellowship training programs under subsection (b);
(3) $5,000,000 shall be made available in each such fiscal year for the Public Health Informatics Fellowship Program under subsection (e); and
(4) $24,500,000 shall be made available for expanding the Epidemic Intelligence Service under subsection (a).
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §778, as added
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 295f–3, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §773, as added Nov. 4, 1988,
Another prior section 295f–3, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §773, as added Oct. 22, 1965,
A prior section 778 of act July 1, 1944, was classified to
A prior section 295f–4, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §774, as added Oct. 22, 1965,
A prior section 295f–5, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §775, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
A prior section 295f–6, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §776, as added Nov. 16, 1973,
Prior sections 295g to 295g–2 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by
Section 295g, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §780, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Another prior section 295g, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §780, as added Oct. 22, 1965,
Section 295g–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §781, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Another prior section 295g–1, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §781, as added Aug. 16, 1968,
Section 295g–2, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §782, formerly §788A, as added Aug. 18, 1987,
Another prior section 295g–2, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §782, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
A prior section 295g–3, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §783, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Prior sections 295g–4 to 295g–8 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by
Section 295g–4, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §784, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Section 295g–5, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §785, as added Nov. 4, 1988,
Another prior section 295g–5, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §785, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Section 295g–6, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §786, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Section 295g–7, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §787, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Section 295g–7a, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §787A, as added and amended Nov. 4, 1988,
Section 295g–8, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §788, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
Another prior section 295g–8, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §788A, as added Aug. 18, 1987,
A prior section 295g–8a, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §788A, as added Aug. 13, 1981,
Prior sections 295g–8b to 295g–10 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by
Section 295g–8b, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §788A, formerly §788B, as added Aug. 13, 1981,
Section 295g–9, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §789, as added and amended Nov. 4, 1988,
Another prior section 295g–9, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §789, formerly §776, as added Nov. 16, 1973,
Section 295g–10, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §790, as added Oct. 12, 1976,
A prior section 295g–10a,
A prior section 295g–11, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §790A, as added Nov. 4, 1988,
Another prior section 295g–11, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §785, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Prior sections 295g–21 to 295g–23 were repealed by
Section 295g–21, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §784, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Section 295g–22, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §785, as added Nov. 18, 1971,
Section 295g–23, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §786, as added Nov. 18, 1971